¿Qué es un campesino? ¿Qué son los campesinados? Un breve documento sobre cuestiones de definición
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22380/2539472X.2130Resumen
En muchos (aunque no todos) los instrumentos internacionales de derechos humanos, el artículo 1.º se utiliza para definir a los titulares de derechos. Las precisiones normativas de este tipo pueden ser controversiales —por ejemplo, en debates sobre quién es un “niño” en el periodo previo a la Convención sobre los Derechos del Niño—, pero también puede serlo su ausencia (como ocurrió con la Declaración sobre los Derechos de los Pueblos Indígenas). La pregunta de cómo definir campesino y campesinado tiene una historia larga, complicada y polémica. Las definiciones de los grupos humanos surgen o son creadas con diferentes propósitos, incluyendo el control social, la protección legal, el análisis social, la acción colectiva y la descripción coloquial. Estas delimitaciones pueden o no superponerse y coincidir. A veces, grupos objeto de discriminación se apropian, invierten y celebran etiquetas previamente peyorativas. Además, términos afines en diferentes idiomas no siempre son del todo equivalentes (por ejemplo, peasant, campesino, paysan, крестьянин [krest’ianin], etc.). Aunque las definiciones normativas parecen fijar un objeto de manera atemporal, en la práctica siempre cambian con el tiempo y suelen tener distintos grados de rigurosidad y laxitud.
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