Composición genética de una población del suroccidente de Colombia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22380/2539472X.879Palabras clave:
Departamento del Cauca, mezcla, variantes genéticasResumen
La población actual del departamento del Cauca es el resultado de la mezcla de tres poblaciones parentales (europea, amerindia y africana). En este estudio se determinó la composición genética de 306 residentes del departamento mediante la utilización de 34 variantes autosómicas, 9 variantes en el cromosoma X, 6 en el ADNmt y 8 en el cromosoma Y. Los análisis de las variantes autosómicas y del cromosoma X revelaron que la población europea y la amerindia han contribuido en mayor proporción al actual acervo genético de la población estudiada. Los resultados de las variantes en el ADNmt y del cromosoma Y sugieren un fuerte sesgo sexual (flujo génico asimétrico) en el proceso de mezcla, en el que los cruces interétnicos fueron principalmente entre los colonizadores europeos y las mujeres nativas.
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Referencias bibliográficas
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Bailliet, Graciela, Francisco Rothhammer, Francisco Carnese, Claudio Bravi y Néstor Bianchi. 1994. “Founder Mitochondrial Haplotypes in Amerindian Populations”. American Journal of Human Genetics 55 (1): 27-33.
Bandelt, Hans, Peter Forster y Arne Rohl. 1999. “Median-joining Networks for Inferring Intraspecific Phylogenies”. Molecular Biology Evolution 16 (1): 37-48.
Bland, J. Martin y Douglas Altman. 1995. “Multiple Significance Tests: The Bonferroni Method”. British Medical Journal 310 (6973): 170.
Bonilla, Carolina, Mark Shriver, Esteban Parra, Alfredo Jones y José Fernández. 2004. “Ancestral Proportions and Their Association with Skin Pigmentation and Bone Mineral Density in Puerto Rican Women from New York City”. Human Genetics 115 (1): 57-68.
Bortolini, María Catira, Francisco Salzano, Mark Thomas, Steven Stuart, Selja Nasanen, Claiton Bau y Andrés Ruiz-Linares. 2003. “Y-Chromosome Evidence for Differing Ancient Demographic Histories in the Americas”. American Journal of Human Genetics 73 (3): 524-539.
Brion, María, Antonio Salas, A. González-Neira, María Victoria Lareu y Ángel Carracedo. 2003. “Insights into Iberian Population Origins through the Construction of Highly Informative Y-Chromosome Haplotypes Using Biallelic Markers, STRs, and the MSY1 Minisatellite”. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 122 (2): 147-161.
Carvajal-Carmona, Luis G., Roel Ophoff, Susan Service, Jaana Hartiala, Julio Molina, Pedro León, Jorge Ospina, Gabriel Bedoya, Nelson Freimer y Andrés Ruiz-Linares. 2003. “Genetic Demography of Antioquia (Colombia) and the Central Valley of Costa Rica”. Human Genetics 112 (5-6): 534-541.
Carvajal-Carmona, Luis, Iván D. Soto, Nicolás Pineda, Daniel Ortiz-Barrientos, Constanza Duque, Jorge Ospina-Duque, Mark McCarthy, Patricia Montoya, Víctor M. Álvarez, Gabriel Bedoya y Andrés Ruiz-Linares. 2000. “Strong Amerind/White Sex Bias and a Possible Sephardic Contribution among the Founders of a Population in Northwest Colombia”. American Journal of Human Genetics 67 (5): 1287-1295.
Carvalho-Silva, Denise, Fabricio Santos, Jorge Rocha y Sergio Pena. 2001. “The Phylogeography of Brazilian Y-Chromosome Lineages”. American Journal of Human Genetics 68 (1): 281-286.
Castellanos, Jorge. 1980. La abolición de la esclavitud en Popayán, 1832-1852. Cali: Universidad del Valle.
Chakraborty, Ranajit y Kenneth Weiss. 1986. “Frequencies of Complex Diseases in Hybrid Populations”. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 70 (4): 489-503.
Chakraborty, Ranajit y Kenneth Weiss. 1988. “Admixture as a Tool for Finding Linked Genes and Detecting that Difference from Allelic Association between Loci”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America 85 (23): 9119-9123.
Choudhry, Shweta, Natasha Coyle, Hua Tang, Keyan Salari, Denise Lind, Suzanne Clark y Esteban Burchard. 2006. “Population Stratification Confounds Genetic Association Studies among Latinos”. Human Genetics 118 (5): 652-664.
Cintado, Alberto, Osmel Companioni, Marcelo Nazabal, Hanlet Camacho, Annia Ferrer, María de Cossio y Marta Duenas. 2009. “Admixture Estimates for the Population of Havana City”. Annals of Human Biology 36 (3): 350-360.
Colombia, Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (dane). 2005. Censo General 2005, http://www.dane.gov.co
Di Giacomo, Fabio, Francesca Luca, Luis Popa, Nejat Akar, Nicholas Anagnou, Juraj Banyko y Andrea Novelletto. 2004. “Y Chromosomal Haplogroup J as a Signature of the Post-neolithic Colonization of Europe”. Human Genetics 115 (5): 357-371.
Díaz-Horta, Óscar, Alberto Cintado, María Fernández-de-Cossio, Marcelo Nazabal y Annia Ferrer. 2010. “Relationship of Type 1 Diabetes to Ancestral Proportions and hla dr/dq Alleles in a Sample of the Admixed Cuban Population”. Annals of Human Biology 37 (6): 778-788.
Díaz, Zamira. 1983. Guerra y economía en las haciendas: Popayán, 1780-1830. Bogotá: Banco Popular.
Díaz, Zamira. 1994. Oro, sociedad y economía. Bogotá: Banco de la República.
Excoffier, Laurent, Guillaume Laval y Stefan Schneider. 2005. “Arlequin (Version 3.0): An Integrated Software Package for Population Genetics Data Analysis”. Evolutionary Bioinformatics Online 1: 47-50.
Hertzberg, Mark, Katherine Mickleson, Susan Serjeantson y Ron Trent. 1989. “An Asian-specific 9-bp Deletion of Mitochondrial dna is Frequently Found in Polynesians”. American Journal of Human Genetics 44 (4): 504-510.
Hoggart, Clive J., Esteban J. Parra, Mark D. Shriver, Carolina Bonilla, Rick A. Kittles, David G. Clayton y Paul M. McKeigue. 2003. “Control of Confounding of Genetic Associations in Stratified Populations”. American Journal of Human Genetics 72 (6): 1492-1504.
Hoggart, Clive J., Mark D. Shriver, Rick A. Kittles, David G. Clayton y Paul M. McKeigue. 2004. “Design and Analysis of Admixture Mapping Studies”. American Journal of Human Genetics 74 (5): 965-978.
Jobling, Mark, Chris Tyler Smith y Matthew Hurles. 2004. Human Evolutionary Genetics: Origins, Peoples, and Disease, vol. 1. Abingdon: Garland Science.
Karafet, Tatiana. M., Fernando. L. Méndez, Monica B. Meilerman, Peter. A. Underhill, Stephen L. Zegura y Michael F. Hammer. 2008. “New Binary Polymorphisms Reshape and Increase Resolution of the Human Y Chromosomal Haplogroup Tree”. Genome Research 18 (5): 830-838.
Keyeux, Genoveva, Clemencia Rodas, Nancy Gélvez y Dee Carter. 2002. “Possible Migration Routes into South America Deduced from Mitochondrial dna Studies in Colombian Amerindian Populations”. Human Biology 74 (2): 211-233.
Lell, Jeffrey, Rem Sukernik, Yelena B. Starikovskaya, Bing Su, Li Jin, Theodore G. Schurr, Peter A. Underhill y Douglas C. Wallace. 2002. “The Dual Origin and Siberian Affinities of Native American Y Chromosomes”. American Journal of Human Genetics 70 (1): 192-206.
Li, Ching. 1969. “Population Subdivision with Respect to Multiple Alleles”. Annals of Human Genetics 33 (1): 23-29.
Long, Jeffrey. 1991. “The Genetic Structure of Admixed Populations”. Genetics 127 (2): 417-428.
Macaulay, Vincent, Martin Richards, Eileen Hickey, Emilce Vega, Fulvio Cruciani, Valentina Guida, Rosaria Scozzari, Batsheva Bonné-Tamir, Bryan Sykes y Antonio Torroni. 1999. “The Emerging Tree of West Eurasian mtDNAs: A Synthesis of Control-region Sequences and RFLPs”. American Journal of Human Genetics 64 (1): 232-249.
Martínez, Helios, Álvaro Rodríguez-Larralde, Mary Helen Izaguirre y Dinorah Castro de Guerra. 2007. “Admixture Estimates for Caracas, Venezuela, Based on Autosomal, Y-chromosome, and mtDNA Markers”. Human Biology 79 (2): 201-213.
Martínez-Marignac, Verónica L., Adán Valladares, Emily Cameron, Andrea Chan, Arjuna Perera, Rachel Globus-Goldberg, Niels Wacher, Jesús Kumate, Paul McKeigue, David O’Donnell, Mark D. Shriver, Miguel Cruz y Esteban J. Parra. 2007. “Admixture in Mexico City: Implications for Admixture Mapping of Type 2 Diabetes Genetic Risk Factors”. Human Genetics 120 (6): 807-819.
Mendizábal, Isabel, Karla Sandoval, Gemma Berniell-Lee, Francesc Calafell, Antonio Salas, Antonio Martínez-Fuentes y David Comas. 2008. “Genetic Origin, Admixture, and Asymmetry in Maternal and Paternal Human Lineages in Cuba”. BioMedCentral Evolutionary Biology (8): 213-223.
Molokhia, Mariam, Clive Hoggart, Alan Patrick, Mark Shriver, Esteban Parra, J. Ye y Paul McKeigue. 2003. “Relation of Risk of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus to West African Admixture in a Caribbean Population”. Human Genetics 112 (3): 310-318.
Parra, Esteban J., Amy Marcini, Joshua Akey, Jeremy Martinson, Mark A. Batzer, Richard Cooper, Terrence Forrester, David B. Allison, Ranjan Deka, Robert E. Ferrell y Mark D. Shriver. 1998. “Estimating African American Admixture Proportions by Use of Population-specific Alleles”. American Journal of Human Genetics 63 (6): 1839-1851.
Pérez-Lezaun, Anna, Francesc Calafell, Eva Mateu, David Comas, R. RuizPacheco y Jaume Bertranpetit. 1997. “Microsatellite Variation and the Differentiation of Modern Humans”. Human Genetics 99 (1): 1-7.
Pfaff, Carrie, Esteban Parra, Carolina Bonilla, K. Hiester, Paul McKeigue, M. Kamboh et ál. 2001. “Population Structure in Admixed Populations: Effect of Admixture Dynamics on the Pattern of Linkage Disequilibrium”. American Journal of Human Genetics 68 (1): 198-207.
Rojas, Winston, María V. Parra, Omer Campo, María A. Caro, Juan G. Lopera, William Arias, Constanza Duque, Andrés Naranjo, Jair García, Candelaria Vergara, Jaime Lopera, Erick Hernández, Ana Valencia, Yuri Caicedo, Mauricio Cuartas, Javier Gutiérrez, Sergio López, Andrés RuizLinares y Gabriel Bedoya. 2010. “Genetic Make Up and Structure of Colombian Populations by Means of Uniparental and Biparental dna Markers”. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 143 (1): 13-20.
Ruiz-Linares, Andrés, Daniel Ortiz Barrientos, Mauricio Figueroa Lozano, Natalia Regina Mesa Herrera, Juan G. Múnera, Gabriel de Jesús Bedoya Berrío, Iván Darío Vélez, Luis Fernando García, Anna Pérez Lezaun, Jaume Bertranpetit, Marcus W. Feldman, David Goldstein. 1999. “Microsatellites Provide Evidence for Y Chromosome Diversity among the Founders of the New World”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America 96 (11): 6312-6317.
Salas, Antonio, María Amparo Acosta, V. Álvarez-Iglesias, María Cerezo, Chris Phillips, María Victoria Lareu y Ángel Carracedo. 2008. “The mtDNA Ancestry of Admixed Colombian Populations”. American Journal of Human Biology 20 (5): 584-591.
Semino, Ornella, Chiara Magri, Giorgia Benuzzi, Alice A. Lin, Nadia AlZahery, Vincenza Battaglia, Liliana Maccioni, Costas Triantaphyllidis, Peidong Shen, Peter J. Oefner, Lev A. Zhivotovsky, Roy King, Antonio Torroni, L. Luca Cavalli-Sforza, Peter A. Underhill y A. Silvana Santachiara-Benerecetti. 2004. “Origin, Diffusion, and Differentiation of Y-chromosome Haplogroups E and J: Inferences on the Neolithization of Europe and Later Migratory Events in the Mediterranean Area”. American Journal of Human Genetics 74 (5): 1023-1034.
Semino, Ornella, Guisseppe Passarino, Agnesse Brega, Marc Fellous y A. Silvana Santachiara-Benerecetti. 1996. “A View of the Neolithic Demic Diffusion in Europe through Two Y Chromosome-specific Markers”. American Journal of Human Genetics 59 (4): 964-968.
Thomas, Mark, Tudor Parfitt, Deborah A. Weiss, Karl Skorecki, James F. Wilson, Magdel le Roux, Neil Bradman y David B. Goldstein. 2000. “Y Chromosomes Traveling South: The Cohen Modal Haplotype and the Origins of the Lemba—the “Black Jews of Southern Africa”. American Journal of Human Genetics 66 (2): 674-686.
Thomas, Mark, Karl Skorecki, H. Ben-Ami, Tudor Parfitt, Neil Bradman y David Goldstein. 1998. “Origins of Old Testament Priests”. Nature 394 (6689): 138-140.
Vergara, Candelaria, Luis Caraballo, Dilia Mercado, Silvia Jiménez, Winston Rojas, Nicholas Rafaels, Tracey Hand, Mónica Campbell, Yuhjung J. Tsai, Li Gao, Constanza Duque, Sergio López, Gabriel Bedoya, Andrés Ruiz-Linares y Kathleen C. Barnes. 2009. “African Ancestry is Associated with Risk of Asthma and High Total Serum IgE in a Population from the Caribbean Coast of Colombia”. Human Genetics 125 (5-6): 565-579.
Willuweit, Sascha y Lutz Roewer. “Y Chromosome Haplotype Reference Database (yhrd): Update”. 2007. Forensic Science International Genetics 1 (2): 83-87.
Bailliet, Graciela, Francisco Rothhammer, Francisco Carnese, Claudio Bravi y Néstor Bianchi. 1994. “Founder Mitochondrial Haplotypes in Amerindian Populations”. American Journal of Human Genetics 55 (1): 27-33.
Bandelt, Hans, Peter Forster y Arne Rohl. 1999. “Median-joining Networks for Inferring Intraspecific Phylogenies”. Molecular Biology Evolution 16 (1): 37-48.
Bland, J. Martin y Douglas Altman. 1995. “Multiple Significance Tests: The Bonferroni Method”. British Medical Journal 310 (6973): 170.
Bonilla, Carolina, Mark Shriver, Esteban Parra, Alfredo Jones y José Fernández. 2004. “Ancestral Proportions and Their Association with Skin Pigmentation and Bone Mineral Density in Puerto Rican Women from New York City”. Human Genetics 115 (1): 57-68.
Bortolini, María Catira, Francisco Salzano, Mark Thomas, Steven Stuart, Selja Nasanen, Claiton Bau y Andrés Ruiz-Linares. 2003. “Y-Chromosome Evidence for Differing Ancient Demographic Histories in the Americas”. American Journal of Human Genetics 73 (3): 524-539.
Brion, María, Antonio Salas, A. González-Neira, María Victoria Lareu y Ángel Carracedo. 2003. “Insights into Iberian Population Origins through the Construction of Highly Informative Y-Chromosome Haplotypes Using Biallelic Markers, STRs, and the MSY1 Minisatellite”. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 122 (2): 147-161.
Carvajal-Carmona, Luis G., Roel Ophoff, Susan Service, Jaana Hartiala, Julio Molina, Pedro León, Jorge Ospina, Gabriel Bedoya, Nelson Freimer y Andrés Ruiz-Linares. 2003. “Genetic Demography of Antioquia (Colombia) and the Central Valley of Costa Rica”. Human Genetics 112 (5-6): 534-541.
Carvajal-Carmona, Luis, Iván D. Soto, Nicolás Pineda, Daniel Ortiz-Barrientos, Constanza Duque, Jorge Ospina-Duque, Mark McCarthy, Patricia Montoya, Víctor M. Álvarez, Gabriel Bedoya y Andrés Ruiz-Linares. 2000. “Strong Amerind/White Sex Bias and a Possible Sephardic Contribution among the Founders of a Population in Northwest Colombia”. American Journal of Human Genetics 67 (5): 1287-1295.
Carvalho-Silva, Denise, Fabricio Santos, Jorge Rocha y Sergio Pena. 2001. “The Phylogeography of Brazilian Y-Chromosome Lineages”. American Journal of Human Genetics 68 (1): 281-286.
Castellanos, Jorge. 1980. La abolición de la esclavitud en Popayán, 1832-1852. Cali: Universidad del Valle.
Chakraborty, Ranajit y Kenneth Weiss. 1986. “Frequencies of Complex Diseases in Hybrid Populations”. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 70 (4): 489-503.
Chakraborty, Ranajit y Kenneth Weiss. 1988. “Admixture as a Tool for Finding Linked Genes and Detecting that Difference from Allelic Association between Loci”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America 85 (23): 9119-9123.
Choudhry, Shweta, Natasha Coyle, Hua Tang, Keyan Salari, Denise Lind, Suzanne Clark y Esteban Burchard. 2006. “Population Stratification Confounds Genetic Association Studies among Latinos”. Human Genetics 118 (5): 652-664.
Cintado, Alberto, Osmel Companioni, Marcelo Nazabal, Hanlet Camacho, Annia Ferrer, María de Cossio y Marta Duenas. 2009. “Admixture Estimates for the Population of Havana City”. Annals of Human Biology 36 (3): 350-360.
Colombia, Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (dane). 2005. Censo General 2005, http://www.dane.gov.co
Di Giacomo, Fabio, Francesca Luca, Luis Popa, Nejat Akar, Nicholas Anagnou, Juraj Banyko y Andrea Novelletto. 2004. “Y Chromosomal Haplogroup J as a Signature of the Post-neolithic Colonization of Europe”. Human Genetics 115 (5): 357-371.
Díaz-Horta, Óscar, Alberto Cintado, María Fernández-de-Cossio, Marcelo Nazabal y Annia Ferrer. 2010. “Relationship of Type 1 Diabetes to Ancestral Proportions and hla dr/dq Alleles in a Sample of the Admixed Cuban Population”. Annals of Human Biology 37 (6): 778-788.
Díaz, Zamira. 1983. Guerra y economía en las haciendas: Popayán, 1780-1830. Bogotá: Banco Popular.
Díaz, Zamira. 1994. Oro, sociedad y economía. Bogotá: Banco de la República.
Excoffier, Laurent, Guillaume Laval y Stefan Schneider. 2005. “Arlequin (Version 3.0): An Integrated Software Package for Population Genetics Data Analysis”. Evolutionary Bioinformatics Online 1: 47-50.
Hertzberg, Mark, Katherine Mickleson, Susan Serjeantson y Ron Trent. 1989. “An Asian-specific 9-bp Deletion of Mitochondrial dna is Frequently Found in Polynesians”. American Journal of Human Genetics 44 (4): 504-510.
Hoggart, Clive J., Esteban J. Parra, Mark D. Shriver, Carolina Bonilla, Rick A. Kittles, David G. Clayton y Paul M. McKeigue. 2003. “Control of Confounding of Genetic Associations in Stratified Populations”. American Journal of Human Genetics 72 (6): 1492-1504.
Hoggart, Clive J., Mark D. Shriver, Rick A. Kittles, David G. Clayton y Paul M. McKeigue. 2004. “Design and Analysis of Admixture Mapping Studies”. American Journal of Human Genetics 74 (5): 965-978.
Jobling, Mark, Chris Tyler Smith y Matthew Hurles. 2004. Human Evolutionary Genetics: Origins, Peoples, and Disease, vol. 1. Abingdon: Garland Science.
Karafet, Tatiana. M., Fernando. L. Méndez, Monica B. Meilerman, Peter. A. Underhill, Stephen L. Zegura y Michael F. Hammer. 2008. “New Binary Polymorphisms Reshape and Increase Resolution of the Human Y Chromosomal Haplogroup Tree”. Genome Research 18 (5): 830-838.
Keyeux, Genoveva, Clemencia Rodas, Nancy Gélvez y Dee Carter. 2002. “Possible Migration Routes into South America Deduced from Mitochondrial dna Studies in Colombian Amerindian Populations”. Human Biology 74 (2): 211-233.
Lell, Jeffrey, Rem Sukernik, Yelena B. Starikovskaya, Bing Su, Li Jin, Theodore G. Schurr, Peter A. Underhill y Douglas C. Wallace. 2002. “The Dual Origin and Siberian Affinities of Native American Y Chromosomes”. American Journal of Human Genetics 70 (1): 192-206.
Li, Ching. 1969. “Population Subdivision with Respect to Multiple Alleles”. Annals of Human Genetics 33 (1): 23-29.
Long, Jeffrey. 1991. “The Genetic Structure of Admixed Populations”. Genetics 127 (2): 417-428.
Macaulay, Vincent, Martin Richards, Eileen Hickey, Emilce Vega, Fulvio Cruciani, Valentina Guida, Rosaria Scozzari, Batsheva Bonné-Tamir, Bryan Sykes y Antonio Torroni. 1999. “The Emerging Tree of West Eurasian mtDNAs: A Synthesis of Control-region Sequences and RFLPs”. American Journal of Human Genetics 64 (1): 232-249.
Martínez, Helios, Álvaro Rodríguez-Larralde, Mary Helen Izaguirre y Dinorah Castro de Guerra. 2007. “Admixture Estimates for Caracas, Venezuela, Based on Autosomal, Y-chromosome, and mtDNA Markers”. Human Biology 79 (2): 201-213.
Martínez-Marignac, Verónica L., Adán Valladares, Emily Cameron, Andrea Chan, Arjuna Perera, Rachel Globus-Goldberg, Niels Wacher, Jesús Kumate, Paul McKeigue, David O’Donnell, Mark D. Shriver, Miguel Cruz y Esteban J. Parra. 2007. “Admixture in Mexico City: Implications for Admixture Mapping of Type 2 Diabetes Genetic Risk Factors”. Human Genetics 120 (6): 807-819.
Mendizábal, Isabel, Karla Sandoval, Gemma Berniell-Lee, Francesc Calafell, Antonio Salas, Antonio Martínez-Fuentes y David Comas. 2008. “Genetic Origin, Admixture, and Asymmetry in Maternal and Paternal Human Lineages in Cuba”. BioMedCentral Evolutionary Biology (8): 213-223.
Molokhia, Mariam, Clive Hoggart, Alan Patrick, Mark Shriver, Esteban Parra, J. Ye y Paul McKeigue. 2003. “Relation of Risk of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus to West African Admixture in a Caribbean Population”. Human Genetics 112 (3): 310-318.
Parra, Esteban J., Amy Marcini, Joshua Akey, Jeremy Martinson, Mark A. Batzer, Richard Cooper, Terrence Forrester, David B. Allison, Ranjan Deka, Robert E. Ferrell y Mark D. Shriver. 1998. “Estimating African American Admixture Proportions by Use of Population-specific Alleles”. American Journal of Human Genetics 63 (6): 1839-1851.
Pérez-Lezaun, Anna, Francesc Calafell, Eva Mateu, David Comas, R. RuizPacheco y Jaume Bertranpetit. 1997. “Microsatellite Variation and the Differentiation of Modern Humans”. Human Genetics 99 (1): 1-7.
Pfaff, Carrie, Esteban Parra, Carolina Bonilla, K. Hiester, Paul McKeigue, M. Kamboh et ál. 2001. “Population Structure in Admixed Populations: Effect of Admixture Dynamics on the Pattern of Linkage Disequilibrium”. American Journal of Human Genetics 68 (1): 198-207.
Rojas, Winston, María V. Parra, Omer Campo, María A. Caro, Juan G. Lopera, William Arias, Constanza Duque, Andrés Naranjo, Jair García, Candelaria Vergara, Jaime Lopera, Erick Hernández, Ana Valencia, Yuri Caicedo, Mauricio Cuartas, Javier Gutiérrez, Sergio López, Andrés RuizLinares y Gabriel Bedoya. 2010. “Genetic Make Up and Structure of Colombian Populations by Means of Uniparental and Biparental dna Markers”. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 143 (1): 13-20.
Ruiz-Linares, Andrés, Daniel Ortiz Barrientos, Mauricio Figueroa Lozano, Natalia Regina Mesa Herrera, Juan G. Múnera, Gabriel de Jesús Bedoya Berrío, Iván Darío Vélez, Luis Fernando García, Anna Pérez Lezaun, Jaume Bertranpetit, Marcus W. Feldman, David Goldstein. 1999. “Microsatellites Provide Evidence for Y Chromosome Diversity among the Founders of the New World”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America 96 (11): 6312-6317.
Salas, Antonio, María Amparo Acosta, V. Álvarez-Iglesias, María Cerezo, Chris Phillips, María Victoria Lareu y Ángel Carracedo. 2008. “The mtDNA Ancestry of Admixed Colombian Populations”. American Journal of Human Biology 20 (5): 584-591.
Semino, Ornella, Chiara Magri, Giorgia Benuzzi, Alice A. Lin, Nadia AlZahery, Vincenza Battaglia, Liliana Maccioni, Costas Triantaphyllidis, Peidong Shen, Peter J. Oefner, Lev A. Zhivotovsky, Roy King, Antonio Torroni, L. Luca Cavalli-Sforza, Peter A. Underhill y A. Silvana Santachiara-Benerecetti. 2004. “Origin, Diffusion, and Differentiation of Y-chromosome Haplogroups E and J: Inferences on the Neolithization of Europe and Later Migratory Events in the Mediterranean Area”. American Journal of Human Genetics 74 (5): 1023-1034.
Semino, Ornella, Guisseppe Passarino, Agnesse Brega, Marc Fellous y A. Silvana Santachiara-Benerecetti. 1996. “A View of the Neolithic Demic Diffusion in Europe through Two Y Chromosome-specific Markers”. American Journal of Human Genetics 59 (4): 964-968.
Thomas, Mark, Tudor Parfitt, Deborah A. Weiss, Karl Skorecki, James F. Wilson, Magdel le Roux, Neil Bradman y David B. Goldstein. 2000. “Y Chromosomes Traveling South: The Cohen Modal Haplotype and the Origins of the Lemba—the “Black Jews of Southern Africa”. American Journal of Human Genetics 66 (2): 674-686.
Thomas, Mark, Karl Skorecki, H. Ben-Ami, Tudor Parfitt, Neil Bradman y David Goldstein. 1998. “Origins of Old Testament Priests”. Nature 394 (6689): 138-140.
Vergara, Candelaria, Luis Caraballo, Dilia Mercado, Silvia Jiménez, Winston Rojas, Nicholas Rafaels, Tracey Hand, Mónica Campbell, Yuhjung J. Tsai, Li Gao, Constanza Duque, Sergio López, Gabriel Bedoya, Andrés Ruiz-Linares y Kathleen C. Barnes. 2009. “African Ancestry is Associated with Risk of Asthma and High Total Serum IgE in a Population from the Caribbean Coast of Colombia”. Human Genetics 125 (5-6): 565-579.
Willuweit, Sascha y Lutz Roewer. “Y Chromosome Haplotype Reference Database (yhrd): Update”. 2007. Forensic Science International Genetics 1 (2): 83-87.
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Publicado
2012-06-30
Cómo citar
Córdoba, L., García, J. J. ., Hoyos, . L. S. ., Duque, . C., Rojas, W. ., Carvajal, . S., … Ruiz-Linares, A. . (2012). Composición genética de una población del suroccidente de Colombia. Revista Colombiana De Antropología, 48(1), 21–48. https://doi.org/10.22380/2539472X.879
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Sección
Antropología y diversidad genética en Colombia
